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The State of Human Mobility at the Nexus of Climate, Food, and Conflict
By Siena Cicarelli and Erin Sikorsky
Deep funding cuts and political shifts in the United States, along with other multilateral actors turning inward, have weakened investment in climate security and migration governance. At the same time, accelerating climate impacts are undermining crop yields, shifting growing seasons, and destabilizing food supply chains, especially in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. These pressures are fueling hunger, malnutrition, and displacement, with 64.3 million people internally displaced in food crisis contexts in 2023 and 123.2 million people forcibly displaced worldwide in 2024.
Review: Climate Security in the 2025 State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World Report
By Siena Cicarelli and Noah Fritzhand
In July 2025, a grouping of UN Agencies (FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP, and WHO) released the 2025 State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World (SOFI), an annual accounting of hunger, food security, and nutrition worldwide. The report was launched in tandem with the United Nations Food Systems Summit +4 Stocktake (UNFSS+4) in Ethiopia – a convening of ~3000 stakeholders on whether efforts to transform the agri-food system are working to achieve multilateral sustainable development and nutrition goals.
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As NATO Countries Pledge to Up Defense Spending, Will Food and Climate Security Have a Seat at the Table?
By Siena Cicarelli and Tom Ellison
This summer marks a critical juncture for European food and climate security. Before heading off on their summer holidays, leaders will attempt to navigate burgeoning crises in the Middle East, an unpredictable US government, growing defense needs, and an unstable global economy.
Several key political decision points are unfolding this summer, starting with this week’s NATO Summit, where a number of member state leaders committed to a new defense and security spending target of 5 percent of GDP by 2035, which, if implemented by the target date, could entail roughly hundreds of billions of dollars in new spending. However, given that the text of the commitment changed from “all Allies” to just “Allies,” in the final hours of negotiations, commitments will likely vary by member state. Furthermore, given the current combination of budget deficits, national politics, and a collective shift towards “competitiveness,” the European Union risks falling prey to false dichotomies and short-termism, placing climate and food security priorities essential to sustainable security on the back burner in favor of “hard” security goals. While 1.5% GDP of the new spending target can come from non-defense resilience, infrastructure, and civil preparedness spending, food and climate security were not prominent at the NATO Summit.
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US Commercial Honeybee Crisis and National Security
A recent report by epidemiologists at Washington State University forecasts that commercial honeybee colony deaths could reach 70% in 2025 – compared to average annual losses between 40-50% in previous seasons. Although the exact cause is still unknown, scientists posit this collapse could be due to a range of factors including disease, pesticide use, invasive mites, and nutritional deficiencies. This is in sharp contrast to the same time last year, when US honeybee colonies reached a record high following decades of decline. The drastic change over less than one year demonstrates the volatility that will likely characterize the broader field of ecological security in the coming decades – especially when factors such as climate change, land use change, pesticides, and other disruptions cascade into one another.
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