The Online Home for CCS Has Moved! As of August 2025, the CCS website will serve as an archived resource. Please visit us at councilonstrategicrisks.org/ccs/ for resources, upcoming publications, and more.
Climate and Security Resources: Non-U.S. Governments, Regional & International Institutions
This page includes a list of resources on the nexus of climate change and security by Non-U.S. Governments and Regional Institutions.
2023
Defence and Climate Change, UK House of Commons 2023 NATO Climate Change and Security Impact Assessment NATO Compendium of Best Practice NATO Greenhouse Gases Emission Mapping and Analytical Methodology European Commission and High Representative Joint Communication on the Climate-Security Nexus Impacts of Climate Change on Defence-Related Critical Energy Infrastructure, European Defence Agency NATO Climate Change and Security Impact Assessment, July 2023 NATO Climate Change and Security Action Plan: Compendium of Best Practices, July 2023 The NATO Greenhouse Gases Emission Mapping and Analytical Methodology, July 20232022
2022 NATO Climate Change and Security Impact Assessment New Zealand National Adaptation Plan European Parliament Briefing: Climate change considerations for EU security and defence policy Climate & Defence Strategy, French Ministry of the Armed Forces Ministry of Defense Response Strategy on Climate Change, Japan Ministry of Defense A Strategic Compass for Security and Defence, Council of the European Union Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Roadmap of the Armed Forces, Greece Ministry of National Defence2021
UK Ministry of Defence Climate Change and Sustainability Strategic Approach 2021: “Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction, Special Report on Drought 2021,” United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction, 2021. 2021: “Regional Consultation for the South Caucasus – Armenia and Georgia: Co-operation opportunities for addressing the security implications of climate change,” OSCE and adelphi, July 2021 2021: “Regional Consultation for the South Caucasus – Azerbaijan and Georgia: Co-operation opportunities for addressing the security implications of climate change,” OSCE and adelphi, July 2021 2021: “The UN Security Council and Climate Change,” Security Council Report, June 21, 2021 2021: “NATO Climate and Security Action Plan,” North Atlantic Treaty Organization, June 14, 2021 2021: “The impact of disasters and crises on agriculture and food security: 2021”, Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) of the United Nations 2021: “Global Report on Food Crises-2021,” United Nations World Food Program, May 5, 2021 2021: Regional Assessment for South-Eastern Europe: Security Implications of Climate Change, OSCE and adelphi2020
2020: Climate Change and Defence Roadmap. European Union External Action Service2019
2019: Responding to the Climate Crisis: An Implementation Plan. New Zealand Ministry of Defence and the New Zealand Defence Force. 2019: New Zealand Defense Capability Plan 2019, New Zealand Ministry of Defence 2019: “Implications of Climate Change on Defence and Security in the South Pacific by 2030,” Observatory on Defence and Climate at the French Institute for International and Strategic Affairs (IRIS), commissioned by the 2017 South Pacific Defence Ministers’ Meeting (SPDMM); Executive Summary 2019: Joint Communiqué, South Pacific Defence Ministers’ Meeting 2019: Open Debate Concept Note, UN Security Council Presidency of the Dominican Republic2018
2018: Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency: Regional Consultation on Climate & Security in the Caribbean: A Roadmap to Resilience 2018: New Zealand Ministry of Defence: The Climate Crisis – Defence Readiness and Responsibilities 2018: EU External Action Service (EEAS): Climate, Peace and Security: The Time for Action 2018: Council of the European Union: Council Conclusions on Climate Diplomacy 2018: Munich Security Conference: Munich Security Report 2018 2018: Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE): Climate Change and Security in Eastern Europe, Central Asia and the Southern Caucasus 2018: UN Security Council: Statement by the President of the Security Council2017
2017: OSCE: OSCE Brief: Climate Change and Security – Cross regional 2017: UN Security Council: Arria Meeting, Preparing for the security implications of rising temperatures 2017: UN Security Council: Resolution 2349 2017: Croatia Security Intelligence Agency: 2017 Security Intelligence Report2016
2016: Australian Department of Defence: Defence White Paper2015
2015: UN Security Council: Press Release: Issues Facing Small Island Developing States ‘Global Challenges’ Demanding Collective Responsibility, Secretary-General Tells Security Council. 2015: UN Security Council: Concept Note: Open debate on “Maintenance of international peace and security: peace and security challenges facing small island developing States”. 2015: Council of the European Union. Council conclusions on Climate Diplomacy. Foreign Affairs Council meeting. 2015: UN Security Council: Concept Note: Open Arria-formula meeting on the role of Climate Change as a threat multiplier for Global Security, dialogue initiated by the Spanish and Malaysian permanent missions to the UN 2015: Climate Change: A Risk Assessment, Independent report commissioned by the UK Foreign Commonwealth Office 2015: A New Climate for Peace: Taking Action on Climate and Fragility Risks, Independent report commissioned by members of the G7 Produced by adelphi, International Alert, the Woodrow Wilson Center and the European Union Institute for Security Studies.2014
2014: Environmental and Energy Issues for the Military. Environment and Energy Security for the Americas, Military Resiliency and Readiness. Environmental and Energy Collaboration Group (EECG) 2014: Global Strategic Trends Out to 2045: UK Ministry of Defence (MOD), Development, Concepts and Doctrine Centre (DCDC) 2014: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability: IPCC Working Group II Contribution to AR5 2014: Organization for Security Co-operation in Europe (OSCE): Program Details, “Security Implications of Climate Change”2013
2013: Council of the European Union 2013. Council conclusions on EU Climate Diplomacy. Foreign Affairs Council meeting, Luxembourg 24
2013: The EU’s comprehensive approach to external conflict and crises, Joint Communication to the European Parliament and the Council, from the European Commission and the High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy 2013: NATO Centre of Excellence for Crisis Management and Disaster Response: Conference Details, “Visualizing Implications Of Climate Change On Military Activities And Relationships” 2013: Australian Government: Strong and Secure – A Strategy for Australia’s National Security 2013: Australian Government Department of Defence: Defence White Paper 2013: Asia-Pacific Network for Global Change Research (APN), Workshop Details, “Climate Change Adaptation, Disaster Risk Reduction and Loss and Damage” 2013: Arria Formula Meeting on Security Implications of Climate Change. UN Security Council